Obtención de los compuestos bioactivos con potencial antiasmático a partir de Achillea millefolium

Las enfermedades respiratorias representan una gran problemática a nivel mundial, mismas que han ido en aumento debido a diferentes factores, principalmente ambientales y genéticos. Dentro de las enfermedades respiratorias más recurrentes se encuentran la Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica (EPOC), asma e hipertensión pulmonar. De acuerdo con los datos más recientes de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), el asma representa una de las principales causas de inactividad laboral e ingreso a hospitales por enfermedades crónicas, siendo una de cada 20 personas las que padecen asma. Si bien existen terapias farmacológica y no farmacológica para amenizar los síntomas, los fármacos empleados no están exentos de presentar efectos adversos, razón por la cual hay un desapego al tratamiento, aunado a esto, los costos que representa, y algunos factores culturales. En este sentido, gran parte de la población aun recurre a la medicina tradicional, misma que es reconocida por la OMS y por la comunidad científica como gran reservorio de moléculas químicas con propiedades terapéuticas y mecanismos de acción novedosos. En este sentido, Achillea millefolium una planta medicinal utilizada en México, y de interés científico, por sus antecedentes etnomédicos, empleada en el tratamiento de afecciones que involucran procesos inflamatorios, como el asma.

Worldwide burden of diseases has been a health problem to worry about, especially the diseases that affects the respiratory system and, they mainly be caused by the environment and genetic factors, being so a focus of research. The mainly respiratory diseases are the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, and pulmonary hypertension. In 2017, the World Health Organization (WHO) reports that asthma represents one of the main causes of years lived with disability and leading causes of burden of disease, causing the dead of approximately 1000 people daily, affects as mainly as 339 million people, and its prevalence is raising, hence one of every 20 people have asthma. Although asthma has no cure, there exists a pharmacology and no-pharmacology therapy to help patients have a better quality of life, but some patients present unwanted side effects, and also due to long term expenses and culture, the patients tend to abandon the pharmacologic treatment and decide to use the knowledge of the past history and begin to treat their condition with medicinal plants, which, also the WHO and the scientific community recognizes it as a great source of new therapeutic agents, but in view of their uncertain efficacy, potential toxicity, the risk-benefit relation, it ́s important to establish all the pharmacological parameters, that ́s why in this project we decide to establish the potential activity and their mechanism of action of the main compounds of the medicinal plant Achillea millefolium, that has been well know and used by the population to treat different kind of pathologies that involves an inflammatory process such as asthma.